Police Brutality And Police Cruelty - 1118 Words

Police brutality has occurred all across the world and is still a major amongst society and police organization. This brutality arranges from assaults, death as a result, of use of force, harassment, Etc. It takes two forms which is physical brutality which includes assaults, and non-physical brutality which includes use of verbal language. Police officers have been granted the privilege of using â€Å"non-negotiable force† (Bittner 1970) to control citizens’ behavior and ensure public order. Police use of excessive force is also called police brutality. This term refer to any unnecessary use of force by police. There are many different definitions to what police brutality is considered to be. â€Å"Police brutality is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians† (Danilina, 2014). Police brutality occurs when officers use more force than is necessary when making arrests or controlling people. Police brutality is categorized as an excessive use of force. Danilina from Law Dictionary states that, â€Å"Excessive use of force means a force well beyond what would be necessary in order to handle a situation. These claims of police brutality are made when someone is injured or killed during the course of a search or an arrest. Throughout history there has been many incidents where police officers have used unnecessary force to handle a situation. One of history’s most nationally known incidents of police brutality took place March 3, 1991, in Chicago, whenShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MoreAnalysis Of Rio De Janeiro s Most Infamous Favela1590 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica; the city is known for holding hundreds of favelas where low-income residents reside. According to the findings of a 2010 census, about 22% of 6 million residents live in the favelas of Brazil (Hurrell).These favelas are known for their brutality and crime rate among the residents. The quality of life in the Brazilian favelas has in a way improved and also worsened. As Brazil is set to hold the Summer Olympic Games this year in 2016, the government has be en intervening with the history ofRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MoreTitle: Police Abuse. The essay includes the definition of police abuse, the causes, examples of police abuse, relationship with racial profiling, suggestions of solutions about the problem.1196 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Abuse An officer who uses more force than policy allows is said to have used excessive force and may be guilty of police brutality, the excessive and lawless use of police force. Police officers are often seen as a thin blue line of protection between criminals and law-abiding citizens, but when they use excessive force, they cross the line and become criminals. Police brutality damages the image of law enforcement as well as the justice system. It leads to loss of trust in the policemenRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1413 Words   |  6 PagesPolice are supposed to enforce the law amongst people around the world, but unfortunately, some of the ways they enforce are unjust and unruly. Over the past decade, they have acted out in ways that have caused us to question whether or not they are fit for the job or if something should be changed. Police brutality is the malicious use of excessive force, often in the form of physical actions, but also common in verbal abuse and ps ychological intimidation by a police officer. The word â€Å"Brutality†Read MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MoreIn Our Society, There Has Been Several Issues But One Of1213 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American community. Police Brutality is a major problem that many African Americans fear dealing with racial divides but some believe minorities cause higher crime rates. In the dictionary of law, Police brutality, is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Many Americans have gone through many situations where they were excessively force by the polic e. But few American’s were racial profiled, discriminated, or beat brutality for no appointed reasonRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words   |  7 Pagesothers; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality against minority social groups causes tainted and negative views on policing and their overall duty to protect, when they are ultimately the aggressors in this case. Police brutality is a violent incident

Justice In Book I Of The Republic Essay example - 889 Words

The Republic of Plato begins in a similar fashion that many other Platonic dialogues begin, with that of a question. The conversation between Socrates and the aged Cephalus becomes a philosophical discussion of what advantages money has brought to Cephalus life. Cephalus replies that money has allowed him quot;to tell the truth and pay ones debtsquot; (331 b). Nevertheless, Socrates believes this does not portray an accurate description of what justice is. The rest of the first book is a discussion of the definition of justice, mainly that of Thrasymachus definition. Socrates takes his normal role as an interrogator of peoples views. The conversation focuses on justice but actually must be viewed in the context of how each†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Thrasymachus’ viewpoint in Book I of the Republic is that one’s life can be better if he is unjust because he will have the ability to take advantage of the just man. In fact, he states â€Å"that injustice, w hen practiced on a large enough scale, is stronger and freer and more successful than justice† (344 c) and is â€Å"good policy† (348 d). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By the end of Book I, Socrates has Thrasymachus agreeing with his view that â€Å"the just man is happy and the unjust man miserable† (353 e), indicating that Thrasymachus has taken back many of his previous statements. This simple statement verifies the fact that Socrates has refuted much of what Thrasymachus argued in Book I; yet, there are a few arguments and statements that makes Socrates’ refutation not as strong as it possibly could be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First of all, a careful examination of Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus is needed to determine to what extent he refuted Thrasymachus’ viewpoint. One of Socrates’ stronger points is that â€Å"the just man is good and wise after all, and the unjust man is bad and ignorant† (350 c). He convinces Thrasymachus into believing this by asking whether a man of knowledge would follow the standard behavior of other men of knowledge. Thrasymachus grants this to be true, and by using the fact that an unjust man tries to take advantage of all men, Socrates shows that the unjust man is actuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Egoist in Platos Republic Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages this belief poses a threat to social cooperation and, therefore, clearly introduces a significant political problem. I believe that the best example of ethical egoism is displayed in Book I of Platos The Republic. In this Book, Plato introduces the idea of ethi cal egoism, explains the political problem posed by it, and addresses the problem through the words of Socrates. I will use this paper to explain and clarify the arguments for and against the concept of ethical egoism, with specific focusRead MoreThe Notions of Justice in The Republic and Antigone1707 Words   |  7 Pagesnotions of justice are presented plainly. Plato’s The Republic and Sophocles’ Antigone both address elements of death, tyranny and immorality, morality, and societal roles. These topics are important elements when addressing justice, whether in the societal representation or personal representation. Antigone uses the concept of death in many ways when unfolding the tragic story of Antigone and her rebellion. The most obvious way is how death is used as a form of capital punishment and justice againstRead MoreJustice in Platos The Republic Essay527 Words   |  3 Pagescreates a seemingly invincible philosopher in The Republic. Socrates is able to refute all arguments presented before him with ease. The discussion on justice in Book I of The Republic is one such example. Socrates successfully refutes each different view of justice presented by Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. Socrates has not given us a definitive definition of justice, nor has he refuted all views of justice, but as far as we are concerned in Book I, he is able to break down the arguments ofRead MoreThe Ideal Society As Suggested By Plato993 Words   |  4 Pagesuphold the convictions of the rulers, and the producers are to limit themselves to exercising their natural skills. Plato argues that state justice requires each individual it conform to the societal role they have been given and not to interfere with any other business. In Book IV, Plato theorises individual justice to be a mirror reflection of political justice. Much like Plato’s three class structure of a just society, he also hypothesised there are three components to an individual’s soul. ThatRead More Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue ofRead MorePlato Republic And Video Games Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Plato’s Republic and videogames offer people a unique outlook on Justice. Video Games especially role-playing games allow players to create their own justice (or lack of justice). Through the player’s choices justice either reveals itself in unexpected ways or it simply does not exist, and all is controlled by what the player chooses. The same can be said for The Republic it may not be a videogame in the same sense but it is still a mind game. Socrates and the interlocutors are creating a cityRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Plato s The Republic892 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Gods to more in depth works such as Ethics or The Bible. All of these works show serious teachings about multiple things such as justice, Gods, and philosophy. In my paper, I am going to discuss the concepts of Aristotle s Ethics and Plato s The Republic in order to hopefully achieve whether or not the ideas that have stuck out to me, are true or not. In the book Ethics, by Aristotle, plenty of concepts have stuck out to me, and made me think quite a bit. One of the ideas that stick out to meRead MoreIdeal State1366 Words   |  6 Pages15 TuÄŸÃ §e ArÄ ±kan Essay Question: Explain Plato’s ideal state by referring to the Republic, book IV and VII. To what extent do you agree with Plato’s idea that the kings should be philosophers? Why? Why not? Concept of create an ideal state really need to long effort and time. This concept and long standing debate that how should be an ideal state is explains in Plato’s Republic book IV and VII. In Republic, Plato explains the features of an ideal state and he claims that the kings should beRead MoreSocrates And His Views Of Justice1656 Words   |  7 PagesGottlieb 10/8/14 Socrates and His Views of Justice In Plato’s The Republic, there are several accounts of justice that are presented throughout the dialogue, especially in Book I. One of these accounts is presented by Socrates, in which he believes that justice is not harming anyone under any circumstances. Socrates first presents this argument when he questions if it is just to treat anyone badly (335b). Polemarchus, based on his account of justice – in which justice is treating friends well and harmingRead MoreThe Apology Is Plato s Retelling Of Socrates s Trail1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apology is Plato’s retelling of Socrates’s trail. Within his account, he portrays Socrates as a confident, but almost haughty, and reasonable man. The main philosophical themes that Plato presents through Socrates are wisdom, justice, and his purpose in the community. Socrates is at this trial because he has been accused of two things: 1) â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying thi ngs in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, and

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Wellbeing

Question: Discuss about theAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Wellbeing. Answer: Introduction Health is not the absence of a malady or the physical completeness of an individual or the community as a whole.To a larger extend,it also involves mental ,economical and social well-being (WHO,2016). Its a multifaceted aspect of the community that is robustly concerned with peoples lives, mode of settlement, education, employment, religion and social justice (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). It has been deduced that social soundness is a significant determinant of the health in a given society. For example, in Australia, it has been found that the existing social disadvantages have profoundly contributed to the ill-health of the indigenous people (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare ,2014). Proper and holistic strategies ought to be propounded in order to achieve universal health. Primary healthcare should be actively supported and strengthened. This is an evidence-based method which sees that healthcare is available to all through their full engagement at an affordable cost (Baum, 2015). In this way the community is empowered to manage its own health. Moreover, the entire process of coming up with health programs and plans should be enormously inclusive. The indigenous people or their representatives should be actively involved in the institution of any health program or project (Baum, 2015). This will significantly catapult the health seeking behaviour of those w ho feel disadvantaged thus enhancing the wellness of the community. In addition, the cultural sensitiveness should be intensely adhered to. While discharging health services, the health personnel should acquaint to and respect the culture of the natives (Deferranti, 2013). Moreover, to curb this menace, there must a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders such the government, the health docket and the representatives representing the perceived disadvantaged population. This will focus on addressing social disadvantages that robustly contribute to ill-health. These include unemployment, education, inadequate and contaminated water and alcohol and drugs (Australia Institute of Health and Well-being, 2014). Furthermore, the organization should come up with educational and counseling services. This will be geared towards enhancing emotional well-being. This involves educating the population on hazards that impact them such as drugs and alcohol (Australia Institute of Healt h and Welfare, 2014). To effectively engineer and execute the proposed strategies, one should possess and depict the following qualities; sound knowledge base culminates to effective primary healthcare and patient teaching besides ensuring flexibility and open mindedness to enable one to accommodate, respect and appreciate diverse cultures during the discharge of healthcare (Council of Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner ,2012). In addition, to work appropriately in this environment, one ought to be ready to listen to clients in order to provide patient-centered care. Individuals choices and concerns should be incorporated and addressed during the plan of care (Davis, Birks and Chapman, 2015) Cultural safety is where theres physical, spiritual, social and emotional tranquillity in conjunction with the upholding of peoples identity, respect and needs. This aspect should be highly promoted to ensure effective and inclusive health care delivery. The following should be put into consideration to ensure the discharge of a culturally safe health care. The health practitioner should make sure that he /she discharges healthcare in the manner that people recognize and want. People should believe that health care is provided in a dignified manner and that they have choices to make pertaining their health and lives. In addition, in the case of localities where there is a language barrier or improper mastery of local language, language support and translation should be available. This will ensure that there is a manner of understanding of beliefs about health and disease. This will make the community view the health setting as a culturally safe environment (Taylor Guerin, 2013). Furthermore, those discharging health care should thoroughly scrutinize their own cultural identities, attitudes, and flexibility in their attitudes towards people from different cultures. In addition, they should endeavour to see that their actions during the discharge of care recognize and pay courtesy to the cultural identities of others besides safely meeting their needs,expectations and rights (Burgess, 2013). The most challenges one is likely to encounter are ethical dillema ,lack of adequate resources to implement the primary healthcare programs and lack of cooperation from the native population (Davis,Birks Chapman, 2015).Fortunately ,the possibillities of these challenges occuring have been enormously reduced.This is as a result of the government and other stakeholders pumping resources and involving the natives in all matters concerning their health and lives.This has promoted trust thus enhancing cooperation (Burgess, 2013). Closing the gap alludes to the commitment of the Australian government to address the existing inqualities between the natives and alien Australians (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). This includes rising mortality rate, poor sanitation and high disease burden, wanting education and unemployment. Statistics illustrate that the aboriginal people have the poorest access to primary health care. This is depicted by a high burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations (Taylor Guerin, 2013). The institution of primary health care program is really paramount as this will skyrocket the access to essential health services as other Australians. This program will also avert the diseases from occurring in the first place or detect them as early as possible thus preventing them from progressing to chronic levels. Furthermore, cultural awareness is quite imperative. There is a strong correlation between culture and emotional, physical and spiritual wellbeing. Cultural sensitiv ity and mastery by those mandated in coming up with policies and those executing government programs, the abolishing of any form of discrimination and coming up with programs that accommodate and meet the cultural expectations of the people are enormously critical in zeroing the existing disparities. In addition, proper collaboration with the indigenous population can have far-reaching effects in curbing this menace. The coming up of aboriginal committee controlled health services has culminated in the establishment of the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders steering committee. This will address and focus on specific native health priorities and thus improve health outcomes. Lastly, according to (Fisch Mage, 2015), education is the genesis of hope and prosperity which can ultimately result in remedying other disadvantages For instance, it has been found that at higher scales of education, theres is almost no employment disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous Austral ians (Ojeda, 2012). Cultural safety came into being in the 1980s and 1990s.It was propounded to see that there is respect and no harm on individuals identity. It entails developing strategies in the areas of service delivery to create forums for the service dischargers to enable them to come up with and appreciate cultural diversity (Grezon Conrad, 2013). The culturally sensitive interventions and programs will go in great depth in ensuring individual empowerment. This will further enhance efficient and effective service delivery as the indigenous will perceive the vicinity as a cultural safe place. Self-determination is the act of transferring a decision-making power from a sole decision maker such as the government to the indigenous population (Fisch Mage, 2015). It also encompasses actively being involved in policies and program formulations and providing services from the cultural perspectives. Self-determination can be a crucial aspect in achieving profound and sustained improvements in social and economic status of the indigenous people as they are able to determine their own economic, social and cultural development (Fisch Mage, 2015). Nevertheless, it should be strongly emphasized that self-determination isnt synonymous to sessions from the state. The government of Australia and private sectors have propounded a number of strategies in an attempt to dismantle the existing disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous people. But all this will be futile without proper engagement of the native population. Collaboration entails inclusivity in decision-making and in the development of programs and plans. It also involves the partnership of various stakeholders who participate in foreseeing the welfare of the aboriginals in achieving the common goal (Davis, Birks Chapman, 2015) Reference List Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014, Australia's health 2014: the 14th biennial welfare report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Baum, F 2015, The New Public Health, Oxford university press, South Melbourne Burgess, P 2008 Beyond the Mainstream, Health Gains in Remote Aboriginal, Wollongong press, Aldade Council of Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioners (American Nurses Association) 2012, The scope of practice of the primary health care nurse practitioner, American Nurses Association, Kansas City Davis, J., Birks, M. Chapman, Y 2015, Inclusive practice for health professionals, Pan Macmillan Australia, Sydney Deferranti, D, M 2013, Closing the gap in education and health, Elsevier, Washington D.C. Fisch, J, Mage, A 2015, The right of self-determination of peoples, Elsievier,Sydney Gezon, L and Conrad, P 2013, Culture, McGraw-Hill, New York Ojeda, A 2012, Health Determinants, Thomson/Gale,San Diego. Taylor, K. Guerin, P 2013, Health care and indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice,Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.

Is Booking Travel over the Internet Causing the Decline of High Street Travel Agents free essay sample

Is booking travel over the internet causing the decline of high street travel agents? During the decade leading up to 2007, ways of buying tourism products as changed a lot. Ten years ago people choosing a holiday more often than not a package holiday, by going to the travel agent and choosing one from a number of brochures and after chatting with the travel agent. Many people still chose this method but a lot more people are buying packing holidays, more people now buy online, or over the telephone, through teletext. People tended to find it cheaper to and more flexible to buy their flights from one internet site, their accommodation from another and book a hire car with another site, rather than buying a package holiday out of a tour operators brochure. They are not always financially, protected when booking travel separately. Holidaymakers are turning their backs on the traditional high-street travel agent in favour of booking trips online, reports sundayherald. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Booking Travel over the Internet Causing the Decline of High Street Travel Agents? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com. Between 2000 and 2004 there was an 11% drop in the number of bookings made at travel agents, with only 47% of overseas holidays now being reserved through a high street travel agency, according to figures from market researchers Mintel. Many people book breaks by phone, and just 31% of overseas trips were booked in person in 2004, says the report. The research shows that traditional sun, sand and sangria package holidays are the main type of trip booked on the high street, with just one in five domestic trips booked at travel agencies. Richard Cope, international travel analyst at Mintel, reportedly said consumer confidence in the internet was driving people away from booking in person. Mintels research shows that almost one in five UK holidays are now booked online, with consumers becoming increasingly confident about making their own travel arrangements. Mintel figures also indicated that, overall, more holidays are being taken. In 2004 65% of British people went on holiday, compared to 62% in 2000. Some 44% of holidaymakers now take more than one holiday a year, up 14% since 2000. Altogether, Britons took 43 million holidays abroad in 2004. http://www. m-travel. com/news/2005/10/number_of_booki. html Technological changes within tourism surround several different factors from medical advances to the innovative space tourism. Similar to tourism, technology is an ever changing and sometimes unstable business. Better communication, transport and safety have encouraged new consumers to the industry. Improvements in water supply, medicine and knowledge have meant areas are opened up which were not possible before technological advances. In today’s society in which a consumer wants easier, quicker and cheaper service only technology has helped tourism fulfil the customers demand. Another massive effect on tourism is the rapid increase in online booking that has given consumers more opportunity to make a holiday. Through technological advances, online booking has been one of the biggest factors in affecting tourism, leisure and recreation in today’s world. There were 37,600,000 Internet users in the United Kingdom (representing 62. % of the population) in March 2007, according to Internet World Stats. This was up by 144. 2% compared to 2000. (Internet World Stats, March 2007) and a new Google Survey has shown that surfing the web has topped watching television as Britain’s favourite past time. On average residents in the UK spend 164 minutes online every day compared to 148 minutes watching television (Daily Mail, Friday 10th March 2006). This shows how much the internet is now an integral part of life and has had an effect on other aspects influencing the tourism business. More and more people are now booking their holiday on the internet, as many people are looking for a better priced deal than they’re being offered by their travel agent. Both holiday and airline bookings have not dramatically rose in sales from the travel slump of 2001-02 due to the massive consequences of September 11th and the threat of terrorism which has increased (it saw similar slumps although smaller after the Madrid bombings and 7/7 terrorist attacks). The Iraq war, the SARS/bird flu epidemics and very consistent hot European summers have persuaded the usual long haul travellers to stay at home. This has seen a loss in sales and therefore profits causing one of the hardest aviation crises of the industry. The number of job cuts that were announced in 2003/04 was well over 100,000 according to BBC News, November 2005. Routes had been slashed and several European carriers were barely clinging to life. The turmoil in the industry went from Aer Lingus to XL Airways, but times were changing and the industry needed something new. Survival tactics started to emerge and online travel started to show evidence of bucking this gloomy trend. The Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG), as cited in a May 21, 2002, Financial Times article had cited for many years that online spending was increasing and predicted it to triple at the end of the decade. Looking at e-commerce data overall, the firm counted travel as the biggest online sector, followed by electronic products and apparel. IMRG also said British shoppers were buying larger and more expensive goods online, such as furniture and kitchen appliances. This showed a large gap in the sub-market that needed to be exploited. Online Travel Spend ($bn) Europe N. AmericaU. K 20002. 4 6. 4 0. 20015. 8 11. 00 1. 8 200212. 7 18. 7 3. 7 Source: Datamonitor At the start of the boom these were seen as survival tactics by the airlines and the government also pushed for more progress in online booking to make the travel industry more prosperous. The economic realities forced travel companies to be more efficient in running their business. Websites, for example were able to promote the latest ticket prices, particularly at a time when they were being slashed on a day-to-day basis which was used to tempt travelers back into the air. Similarly travel sites e-mailed a wide ustomer base with relative ease to promote special deals. It is seen as the cheapest method of booking a holiday, the LogicaCMG (a marketing body) has said that phone bookings typically cost about ? 30 to service. By contrast net bookings cost around 75p. One of the biggest online travel sites Expedia, took an initial knock from 11 September, but then saw its transaction volumes recover by 80-85% during October. â€Å"Like every travel company, we experienced a downturn, but we then recovered a lot more quickly than the traditional industry† said James Vaile, managing director of Expedia in the UK. Online travel sites are also well positioned to exploit the recent procrastination by consumers in booking holidays. People are booking later than usual in recent years and the internet is seen as the obvious and natural place to hunt down last-minute bargains. As this bar chart shows travel sales online rose rapidly from 2006-2007 and it is expected to continue to rise to over $30 billion. The consumers weren’t only using the internet to book their holidays but also to research and gain knowledge of the destinations they wanted to go to. The search engines were flooded with searches over cheap flights, accommodation and new destinations (as shown in the rankings). From the bar chart below it shows that web-search is the preferred method of obtaining travel information with it being preferred nearly twice as much as personal recommendation, the second most preferred method. This is then followed by TV programmes, but the travel agents became the fourth option of consumers to collect travel information. Web-searches are high due to people liking to make their own decisions at their own pace and this can’t be done in travel agents where they are pushed, poked and pressured. This is unpleasant for the consumer and has changed the trend in which consumers went to travel agents for advice, whereas now they would rather use the internet. As this pie chart to the left shows the internet has had a huge impact on the booking of a holiday, with 79% of all booked holidays using the internet in the process. Also, the internet has seen a large increase in the number of â€Å"last minute business as many tourists feel it is better-placed and they can search for the best priced, most suitable holidays or excursions. Furthermore, since the growth of the internet, online advertising has been used as a huge marketing tool, where holiday and travel providers can target large quantities of potential customers and keep advertising costs low. This has also been used to great effect as they appear to be a successful method and an efficient way of gaining business from the wallet-conscious consumers, whereas high street advertising receives less notice. Moreover, the internet has caused the high street travel agencies to close, therefore creating job losses within the businesses. This is mainly due to the fact that more people are booking direct with the holiday providers, thus cutting out the middle man and saving money by doing the research and booking themselves. This is usually done by using the internet or telephone booking where the overhead costs are much lower as an outlet has to be staffed and incur running costs such as electricity bills and also because of the larger volumes of people that are able to access the service. A recent example of this is was in 2001, when Airtours, the UK’s largest tour operator had to cut one-in-seven of its high street branches in an effort to return to profitability. According to finance director David Jardine, around 120 shops going under the name â€Å"Going Places† were closed as the business stated that they were finding there was an â€Å"increasing trend in customers wishing to book direct. On the other hand, online companies such as Expedia. com have seen their profits on the rise over the past few years as would be expected, although they had not anticipated such a large growth. For the last three months of 2001, Expedia saw its net income surge to $19m according to BBC News, compared with a loss of $2. 6m in the same quarter of 2000 and also the firms evenues were in excess of $80 million for 2001, over double that for 2000, showing how quickly it has established itself as an efficient internet booking service. So in conclusion online booking for travel has dramatically changed tourism in the world. It has provided a less time consuming, cost effective and an overall efficient/productive method in organising tourism which has seen triggered a rapid rise in sales. Airlines are now recovering after effects that were unforeseen. BAA Limited, formerly the British Airport Association said seven UK Airports handled a total of 11. m passengers in August 2006 making it a record summer with the highest number of passengers ever recorded over a two month period. BAA also revealed here was a 6. 8% increase in passenger traffic for the 12 months to August 31st 2006. Bigger discounts and better security could tempt more people to book holidays online, a LogicaCMG survey (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/technology/3939035. stm) found. However, the future of online booking although seen as prosperous can also turn, but due to the recovery in airline business they are starting to hit back. Prices are starting to rise and now you must book early to get the best price. The same survey revealed that online discounts were still not high enough to tempt potential customers onto travel websites and that the process was still too complicated for some consumers. A serious issue with online booking is the fear of fraud. Consumers are not convinced that any personal and financial information they hand over would be kept secure by online travel shops and this is slowing the potential growth that could occur otherwise. The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) sees the online travel market having a long way to go before it replaces high street travel agents. ABTA estimates that by the end of 2007 online travel will be 17% of the UK’s ? 28bn travel market but this growth will only occur if trends continue as it relies on steadily growing numbers of people happy to book holidays online and as well as improvements in technology and the creation of better websites by travel firms. Issues over security, faults and complications need to be solved if this method of booking is to prosper. The travel industry although brash will always be around due to the need and want of consumers to travel. For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel’s sake. The great affair is to move.

I Am Incredible Essay Sample free essay sample

In order to make full the demand for support for households get bying with economic and domestic adversities. societal work organisations have evolved in modern. urban society. Among the legion and varied societal work organisations. there are supervised trial plans. such as the 1 I completed my internship with. Supervised trial. by definition. is supplying an chance for contact between a kid and an grownup. typically the non-custodial parent. in the presence of a 3rd party. This 3rd party is responsible for guaranting a safe environment for the persons take parting in the visit. chiefly refering the kid being at hazard ( Straus. 1995 ) . Overall. the intent of supervised trial plans is to supply a safe and friendly environment that maintains and nurtures the relationship of a kid with his/her parent ( s ) . By easing contact. supervised trial centres may supply a safe. supportive environment for households to larn healthy ways of interacting. in an attempt to get rid of maltreatment and force. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Incredible Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this manner. trial plans are valuable assets to society at big ( Perkins. 1998 ) . Because there are benefits for kids who otherwise could hold small or no clip with their noncustodial parent ( s ) . trial plans are having the congratulations of the tribunals that use them. the parents who exclusion or frights have been relieved. and of the community at big ( Newton. 1997 ) . However. society’s increasing accent on rationalisation and economic instability to a great extent act upon all societal work organisations. including trial plans. and hinder their ability to supply personal. humanistic service to clients in demand. My research focuses upon the structural constituents and policies of societal work organisations that emphasize bureaucratic values of standardisation and efficiency. which are in actuality in direct struggle with the end of supplying compassionate. personal attention to households in demand. Supported by my ain observations as an intern instance director a t a local supervised trial centre. my research will research four subjects: â€Å"Us Versus Them. † â€Å"Rationalization of Social Work. † â€Å"Lack of Efficiency. † and â€Å"Conflict of Aims. † The first subject addressed in this research. â€Å"Us Versus Them. † describes the dissentious tenseness nowadays between societal workers and clients. managers of societal work organisations and their staff. and even a peculiar societal work organisation and outside agents. There is a great trade of tenseness between these groups because they all believe that they are moving in the best involvement of the clients and that they must support clients against intervention from anyone else. I will besides turn to the tactics used by societal workers to get by with these tensenesss: â€Å"Resiliency† and â€Å"Community. † The following subject addressed. â€Å"Rationalization of Social Work. † explores different mechanisms used within societal work organisations to command and standardise work in order to be every bit efficient as possible. Besides observed during my ain experience at my internship. societal work organisations are structured bureaucratisms that seek efficiency through engineering. surveillance. and the compartmentalisation of responsibilities. Though societal work organisations. including the trial centre. are invariably endeavoring to be every bit efficient as possible their attempts often backfire and result in more in efficiency. I explore this phenomenon. ( â€Å"Lack of Efficiency† ) . by analyzing redundancy. disconnected staff. and dislocation of communicating between societal work bureaus. Finally. my research addresses the issue of â€Å"Conflicting Aims† within societal work organisations. Drawn from my experience at the trial centre. I have identified a struggle between the economic demands and independent operating of societal work organisations. In add-on. I besides observed a struggle between the intended ends of the trial center’s formal policies and their existent negative effects on the clients. Structural economic instability creates tensenesss within societal work organisations that result in a dissentious worldview among staff. the rationalisation of societal work. an increasing accent on efficiency. and conflicting purposes of agents within an organisation. These structural constituents of societal work bureaucratisms impede the effectivity of the humanistic. rehabilitat ive purposes of societal work. MethodologyFor the footing of my research. I interned at the Peninsula Family Services Agency in San Mateo. This is a non-profit. non-governmental bureau that facilitates household services. such as parenting categories. trial services and child care. I worked at the centre on a regular basis on Midweeks from 10a-2p and Sundays from 9:30a-5:30p. and filled in every bit necessary. I began volunteering with the bureau in August 2010. and began my formal internship in January 2011. In January. I was assigned my ain instances to pull off. which included oversing visits and pass oning with clients. In add-on. I besides supported the office with clerical work and facilitated supervised exchanges. The bureau I interned with focal points on the wellbeing of households. The bureau has three divisions: Children. Family and Seniors. Within the Family division is the Financial Empowerment section and the Family Conflict Services section. I interned within the Family Conflict Services section. wh ich offers on-site and off-site supervised visits. curative visits. safe exchanges. and rearing categories. The plan facilitates trial for kids whose parents are non able to safely interact with one another. The bureau chiefly serves households covering with domestic force. substance maltreatment. and child maltreatment. About all of the clients served at the bureau are tribunal ordered to be at that place. Many of the clients served besides have a current restraining order in consequence. so there are physical barriers in the design of the edifice in order to keep separation between volatile parties. My research focuses on the structural elements of societal work organisations and the trial centre I interned with because of my qualitative. participant observation informations. I had full entree to structural elements of the societal organisation and was an active participant. My research was deliberately focused off from the specific clients and inside informations of instances. due to confidentiality and deficiency of permission. It would hold been unethical to utilize clients’ personal information without their permission and I did non hold adequate entree to the remainder of the client’s personal lives to be able to scrupulously research issues of domestic force or substance maltrea tment. I chose to utilize my participant observations for my research because they provided the most insight over clip and provided me the chance to detect forms in behaviour among the staff. manager and patronage. However. I could farther beef up my research by roll uping extra qualitative information. through questioning staff members or anonymously appraising the clients. Because of my individuality as a immature. white. educated female. I was able to easy unify with the bing staff at the trial centre. Most of the staff is besides female. in their 20’s and white. My racial and gender individualities did impact my relationship with some clients. and was both an obstruction and a utile tool at times. I was much more positively received by female clients than by male clients. possibly because adult females saw me as an ally while work forces were wary of my judgement. There were besides cases where male clients would seek chat uping with me. in order to seek and carry me to flex the regulations for them. It’s possible that adult females clients may besides hold tried this on male instance directors. but I would hold to carry on farther interviews to find this. Overall. I was able to carry on my research reasonably swimmingly. I began volunteering with the trial centre months before my formal internship began ; before I was assigned any instances of my ain. This gave me the chance to detect the day-to-day operations of the trial centre. and generate preliminary subjects to prosecute in my research. Because I was embedded within the societal work organisation. I was able to closely detect the structural elements of the organisation and worked closely with staff and clients. As a consequence of my drawn-out period of volunteering. I had complete entree to my topic of research. Discussion â€Å"Us† Versus â€Å"Them† In the societal work bureau I observed. there were clear divisions between different agents. While the manager. staff and other societal work bureaus all portion the intended intent of helping the patronage. tenseness occurs between these groups. impairing the overall effectivity of the societal work bureau. Staff Versus Clients Because of the built-in power derived function between the staff and clients at societal work organisations. tensenesss are created and there is a contentious relationship between staff and clients. The staff believes they are acting in the best involvement of the kids. protecting them from their unequal parents. and take pride in â€Å"doing good. † As Perkins argues. the households being served by the societal work bureau are seen as neglecting their kids ( Perkins. 1998 ) . Because the staff holds this belief. it causes the staff to accidentally handle the clients in a condescending mode. In bend. the clien ts react defensively. resenting the judgement and intervention from the societal work bureau. Families that are compliant with the bureau guidelines are treated with much more compassion and apprehension by the staff. than those who do non. For illustration. the households that I have observed on a regular basis finishing their scheduled visits and doing their payments on clip are much more likely to hold positive instance notes reported to the household tribunal and mediation. This consequences in compliant clients recovering some signifier of detention of their kids more often than those who do non. Sporadic visits and parental no-shows are perceived as unequal parenting. because they upset and confuse the kids. This tenseness between staff and clients besides consequences in greater effects. For illustration. the staff will ever presume it is the client who is lying or go againsting guidelines. and will blindly back up one another if questioned. While this sort of solidarity physiques morale amongst staff. it places the client at an even greater disadvantage. Because staff already assume the worst of clients. the clients. who have dealt with many formal establishments knocking them already. are forced to be on the defensive at all times. This creates a contentious relationship between staff and the clients they serve. Another manner in which staff and clients are divided is along racial/ethnic and/or linguistic communication boundaries. There is a seeabl e difference between who the bulk of the staff of societal work organisations is and who the patronage is. As Yan points out. the bulk of societal work in America is dominantly Eurocentric. and reflects the hegemonic values and position of household life ( Yan. 2008 ) . Because societal service organisations ever exist within a certain societal environment. through assorted linkages. including funding policies. Torahs. and other signifiers of societal political orientation. the missions and policies of most societal service organisations are connected to the dominant civilization ( Yan. 2008 ) . Though societal work organisations are supposed to be impersonal. value-free agents. they are to a great extent influenced by dominant civilization and hence become senders of Eurocentric values. I have observed cross-cultural tenseness at my internship every bit good. since most of the staff is white and female. The seeable exclusions to this regulation are the few Latino/a staff who provide service to the Spanish-speaking clients. Most of the clients served by the trial centre I interned with are bilingual. with a important part talking merely Spanish. However. the centre was non able to offer equal resources for those clients who merely spoke Spanish. For illustration. most clients are referred to the trial centre by household tribunal and are required to besides take part in a parenting category offered called â€Å"Kids in the Middle. † Both parties are required to go to. and they can non go to the same category. The category is offered in English one time every month. while the Spanish option is merely offered twice a twelvemonth. As a consequence. if both parties in a instance petition a Spanish category. they will hold to wait a twelvemonth for both parties to be able to go to separate categories. This means that clients who merely speak Spanish are isolated and it is harder for them to carry through their court-mandated duties to recover unsupervised trial of their kids. Because they are non able to conform to dominant Europocentric values. Spanish-speaking clients are impeded when seeking to successfully voyage the societal work bureaucratism. Staff and clients can besides meet struggle refering the issues involved with a client’s instance. Though they are supposed to be impersonal. compassionate and non-judgmental. staff still respond. consciously or non. to client issues that are considered peculiarly dismaying. like domestic force or kid maltreatment. Because these issues have been deemed the worst by society. societal workers must continue a rigorous zero-tolerance policy for these behaviours ( Chetkow. 1997 ) . At my internship. domestic maltreatment wrongdoers and victims must go to a compulsory parenting category. regardless of the peculiar fortunes or background of the clients involved in force. While it is difficult to support force. societal workers have an absolute zero tolerance policy for it. So much so. that staff can look condescending to wrongdoers and victims. without really cognizing the inside informations environing a peculiar instance. It is irrelevant to the staff how or why or the frequence of any force. when it is of critical importance to the client. In this manner. clients are told yet once more that. â€Å"someone else knows what is best for you. † Though the societal workers have the best involvements at bosom. their implicit in beliefs and processs are perceived as disapprobation by the already vulnerable clients. taking to changeless tenseness and struggle. Director Versus Staff Within societal work organisations themselves. there is an â€Å"Us Versus Them† battle between the manager and the staff. While the staff members are interacting personally with clients. the manager of the plan is charged with pull offing budget. structural and staffing issues of the organisation. Though both parties are joined in their ultimate end of runing a successful societal work organisation. the responsibilities of each do non look to be in harmoniousness with one another. One of the director’s respons ibilities is to efficaciously beguile the viing purposes of different sections within the organisation. such as the fiscal section and trial ( Buenger. 1996 ) . For illustration. the manager of plans at my internship is charged with the undertaking of maintaining the organisation adequately funded following the province budget cuts. To make this. the manager employs many different schemes. including beging givers. The manager brings outside organisations on Tourss through the installation. in order to lure them to donate to the centre. Therefore. the manager would wish the installation to be speckless at all times. with all the most high tech and expensive appliances seeable. in order to affect possible givers. Though the manager has the best purposes. the staff is unmindful and merely sees the action itself. To them. it is invasive to hold aliens exhibiting through the centre while households are sing. Further. the degree of cleanliness the manager is necessitating elevates that as a precedence over the comfort of the clients. as they are invariably reminded to clean up and made to experience like interlopers themselves. Last. it is impractical to staff to hold the most expensive picture games and devices out on show all the clip. due the hazard of larceny or harm. In this manner. it appears that the purposes of the manager and staff are in struggle. The manager is concerned with budget issues. in order to keep the endurance of the plan. In order to make this purpose. the manager focuses on fund-raising and appealing to givers. However. to the staff. whose purposes are directed at assisting the clients. the director’s methods seem bogus and off-putting. These struggles create an ambiance where the staff feels perpetually in struggle with the manager. Another manner in which the manager and staff are involved in a contentious battle is that the manager must do determinations sing the construction of the organisation based upon its intended intent. and normally has limited flexibleness in their ability to add or alter constituents. Many societal work organisations. including the one I interned at. work in concurrence with the formal household tribunal system. About every client will hold to travel or return to tribunal at some point. so everything the trial organisation does is tailored to that intent. The studies depicting visits. the rigorous time-keeping and the elaborate incident coverage is all done with th e intent of pass oning with tribunal in head. To be successful. the manager must guarantee that all the staff is working with that purpose in head. or guided by that intent ( Lee. 2007 ) . Particularly during times of low support. the organisation must stay a dependable beginning of communicating for other formal establishments. such as household tribunal. Otherwise. the organisation will be discredited and deteriorate. As a consequence. the manager is perceived as less compassionate or lovingness. since their precedence is non seen to be with the clients. doing more tenseness between them and the staff. In add-on to pull offing conflicting purposes and structural issues. the manager must besides manage staff struggles and issues. In any profession. employees’ place lives and interpersonal struggles will act upon their work public presentation to some grade. However. due to the intensely personal. humanistic character of societal work. outside jobs have a greater consequence on societal workers work relationships and attitude. ensuing in low degrees of occupation satisfaction and committedness ( Lambert. 2006 ) . In my ain experience. I have observed this every bit good. When a fellow staff member at the trial centre was holding a peculiarly nerve-racking twenty-four hours covering with hard client instances. she commented. â₠¬Å"I don’t need this emphasis. I get adequate emphasis from my ain girl and I get paid better at my other occupation. † Further. during my internship. the plan director of three old ages quit. When I asked her why she was traveling on. she told me that she couldn’t trade with the emphasis of the clients any longer because it was interrupting her relationship with her fellow and that she wanted a occupation that took â€Å"less out of her emotionally. † In both of these state of affairss. staff members referred to their personal lives in relation to their work at the trial centre in a negative manner. This led the staff members I encountered to hold a hapless attitude and less committedness at work. even taking to stoping their committedness wholly in one extreme instance. Since there is a long preparation period required for staff at the trial centre. it is a great incommodiousness when seasoned staff members decide to diminish their handiness or discontinue wholly. This puts a load on the manager. who must seek to pull off staff morale in order to discourage rapid staff turnover. Social Work Organizations Versus Outside Agents The dissentious tenseness of â€Å"Us Versus Them† is non merely within a societal work organisation. but is besides apparent between societal work organisations and outside agents and/or forces. The cultural values of societal work itself are frequently at odds with the values of other professionals with whom societal workers interact. like Judgess. jurisprudence enforcement and attorneies for illustration. The professional position of societal workers is ever in uncertainty. even within the professional community ( Yan. 2008 ) . This perceptual experience leads societal workers to experience defensive and that they have more to turn out when covering with outside bureaus. Because they believe their competence and legitimacy is being questioned from the beginning. societal workers of one organisation are hesitant to swear other bureaus ( Buckley. 2011 ) . As a consequence. anytime another agent or organisation. such as a go-betw een or jurisprudence enforcement. must be involved in a instance. it is done with vacillation. anxiousness and ill will. Further. societal workers feel as though they need to protect their clients from outside forces. apart from other establishments and agents. Many clients of the trial centre are seen as victims of a larger societal job. affecting economic policy. The implicit in job for most clients is economic instability and societal workers believe they must back up clients against â€Å"unbridled economic forces ( Schorr. 1972 ) † . Resiliency While there are clear divisions both within and environing societal work bureaus. societal workers themselves employ different schemes to get by with these state of affairss and go on their work. one of which is â€Å"resiliency† . The most urgent concern of the trial centre I interned with for the last two old ages has been happening originative solutions to budget cuts. They have had their province support slashed. and have combated this through fundraising. contribution thrusts. enlisting of voluntaries and pay cuts/furloughs. In add-on to these loads. the instance directors have personally provided supplies for the centre when necessary. One of the instance directors supplies manus sanitizer for the full trial centre and wages for it out of her ain pocket. As my ain part. I have personally supplied the centre with child safety locks for cabinets. rubber table corner guards. ping pong balls. games. mystifiers. apparels. dishes and Kleenex. None of the instance directors were asked to make this. but out what I have come to understand as their resilient spirit. they have provided what is necessary to go on to make their work. As seen through my observations. one of the motives for this resilience is the firm focal point on the kids being served. This fuels the instance directors and me. with the belief that we are making something productive and positive in the face of adversity. Another tactic I have observed in the changeless usage of wit among instance directors to soothe one another after a confrontation. client expiration. or intelligence of layoffs. I’ve heard instance directors jestingly comment many times. â€Å"I may non be able to afford tiffin. but at least I’m feeding my psyche. † As in many of life’s hardest state of affairss. the instance directors at the trial centre employ the usage of wit to let go of tenseness and lighten tempers. Community While the instance directors are labeling others as foreigners and making an â€Å"Us Versus Them† outlook. they are besides beef uping their community amongst one another. Constructing a strong sense of community is another manner in which societal workers cope with their extremely nerve-racking businesss. At my internship. the trueness amongst the staff to one another is obviously seeable. as they keep the office door closed to foreigners. whisper merely to one another when staff from other sections are about and have fiting placing spines on their entry key cards. As mentioned antecedently. in any confrontation or incident with a client. the i nstance directors doubtless assume the artlessness of the instance director and base united behind them. The staff members draw strength from this support and solidarity. frequently noticing that their fellow instance directors are their favourite parts of their occupation. Another manner in which the instance directors create community is through the usage of nutrient as a symbol of support and friendly relationship. Any vacation. particular juncture or birthday is celebrated in the office by a potluck. For illustration. Superbowl Sunday. Valentine’s Day and every staff birthday I observed were marked by all the instance directors conveying a dish of nutrient to portion. Not an uncommon tradition in any group. the potluck serves as a manner to demo your support for your fellow instance directors and go an active participant. Finally. I have besides seen community being extended beyond the workplace. After months of volunteering. I was eventually invited to travel running with my fellow instance directors after work on Sundays. I interpreted this as a mark of credence and induction into the group. holding proved my worth to them. Rationalization of Social Work In modern. urban society. societal work organisations are forced to seek the most efficient agencies of supplying service. due to the monolithic figure of clients in demand of limited resources. To run into this demand. societal work organisations are structured as bureaucratisms. As Weber argues. bureaucratisms are capable of achieving the highest grades of efficiency. preciseness. stableness. subject and dependability. and that the demands of mass disposal make them wholly indispensable ( Weber. 1921/1968 ) . Rationalization in disposal is sought through engineering. surveillance. and the compartmentalisation of responsibilities. In an attempt to apologize societal work. organisations must accomplish a degree of standardisation amongst all clients. This standardisation dehumanizes clients and diminishes the cultural sensitiveness of societal workers. This is true and explicitly seeable at my internship. where clients’ instances are color/number coded with discourtesies and issues. The classification of patronage reduces them to coded instances alternatively of worlds ( Green. 1966 ) . Clients are non able to have individualized service. but alternatively are subjected to strict procedural limitations. For illustration. there is a stiffly defined procedure of reaching. payment and going in topographic point for both tutelary and non-custodial parties at my internship. Any divergence from this procedure will ensue in punishment. While this standardisation is meant to guarantee univer sally just outlooks for all clients. it does non let for societal workers to utilize their ain judgement and humanity to see palliating fortunes. As a consequence. through bureaucratic and standard processs. societal workers’ ain humanity is suppressed ( Yan. 2008 ) . Technology One of the ways societal work organisations achieve standardisation and increase rationalisation is through the usage of engineering. First and first. computing machines are used in the professional workplace to supervise. control and apologize work. doing it easy accessible to many at one time and supplying a cosmopolitan templet for societal work staff to utilize ( Rule. 1992 ) . All client information. communications and activity records are entered into a watchword restricted informations entry system. which is of the extreme importance to the societal work organisation ( Lyons. 2010 ) . The usage of computing machines and informations entry plans non merely Plutos in apologizing societal work. but it besides allows for the coevals of statistics and projections rapidly. With informations entry and storage mechanized. it is easy to analyse clients and instances as Numberss and per centums instead than alone state of affairss. In this manner. societal work becomes more i nformations driven and less focused on personal interaction and judgement ( Reardon. 2010 ) Technology has played a important function in the day-to-day operation of the trial centre I interned with. For illustration. instance directors check their agendas online. communicate via electronic mail and text. bring forth statistical informations about patronage for grant proposals through computing machine plans. and have their ain voice mail box for clients to go forth messages. This usage of engineering mechanizes and streamlines the disposal procedure. leting the instance directors to administrate to a greater figure of clients. Surveillance Another manner societal work organisations are rationalized is by training staff ( and clients ) through the usage of surveillance both visually and spatially. As with any successful bureaucratism. direction must supervise the lower staff ( Rule. 1992 ) . For illustration. all employees clock in to work with a digital hand-print scanner. so their clip is accounted for down to the 2nd. Further. entree throughout the edifice is merely granted with personal key cards. Each country of the trial centre is partitioned from the last. administering persons into their ain topographic point and interrupting up corporate temperaments ( Foucault. 1977 ) . Since there are no Windowss leting entree to the out-of-doorss from the trial centre. staff. and clients. are enclosed within the infinite. cut off from outside distractions and organic agencies of clip maintaining. In these ways. direction is supervising and modulating the reaching. going. and motion of staff throughout the infinite each twenty-four hours. Along with staff. clients are under physical surveillance at the trial centre from the minute they arrive until good after they have departed. Cameras are positioned all around the exterior of the edifice that transmit unrecorded provenders to the trial staff indoors. leting them to visually place clients before they have even entered the edifice. Cameras are besides installed throughout the full trial centre. leting for changeless surveillance at all times. Clients must be escorted by a staff member at all times. are non permitted to talk in a tone to moo for a staff member to hear. and their properties are capable to review as deemed necessary by staff. Through uninterrupted. changeless surveillance. which supervises the procedures of activity instead than judging its consequence. and the ordinance of infinite and motion. staff becomes extremely disciplined â€Å"docile bodies† ( Foucault. 1977 ) . Compartmentalization of Duties Finally. compartmentalisation of responsibilities. or the division of labour. farther rationalizes societal work. With respects to clients. each instance director is responsible for all responsibilities sing their assigned instances. from updating files. roll uping payments. and roll uping studies and instance notes. Case notes and visit studies are all recorded electronically to guarantee tha t all instance directors can hold entree to the complete client database. every bit good as extinguish the raging job of sloppy calligraphy. Though instance directors are supposed to be independent from one another. there are many undertakings they are non allowed to make. For illustration. the trial agendas are created by an off-site instance director. who remotely accesses the computing machine system. This allows her to expeditiously update the system whenever she has entree to the cyberspace. from wherever she may be. There is besides a separate staff member who accesses and maintains the fiscal records of the trial centre. including client balances and staff paysheet. Additionally. there is a separate staff member who handles client ailments and non-compliance. and is the lone one authorized to direct out non-compliance letters. So. while the instance directors are covering straight with clients. they really have really small authorization or control over any determinations sing their clients. By spliting the undertakings. each staff place must go specialised. further apologizing the societal work organisation and ma king a bureaucratic bureau. Lack of Efficiency To measure the wagess of a system so entrenched in the chase of efficiency and catholicity. they must be measured against the otiose clip and energy spent when something goes incorrect. which is rather frequently. The chase of rationalisation by societal work bureaus can ensue in excess work. a disconnected staff and a deficiency of communicating between societal work bureaus. Redundancy While the system in topographic point pursues efficiency and speedy processing. it can besides be highly excess. peculiarly when something occurs out of the ordinary. Because the system is designed for each instance director to be able to run independently of one another. there are many cheques in topographic point to do certain certification occurs. in order for an outside party to happen out what happened. For illustration. one of my clients did non demo up for his scheduled visit and was angry with me when I reminded him that he would be charged dual. due to the trial center’s policy. After our verbal confrontation. I had to compose up instance notes documenting the conversation. compose a â€Å"no-show† visit study besides documenting our confrontation. e-mail my supervisor and go forth her a voice mail. In add-on to my four histories of the incident. another instance trough on responsibility besides emailed our supervisor. while yet another instance dire ctor was texting our supervisor as it was happening. Though the organisation is seeking to increase efficiency. their methods are really excess and inefficient. bing the organisation more clip and money. Disconnected Staff Social work organisations besides experience a deficiency of efficiency because of their disconnected staff. Because of economic instability and low degrees of occupation satisfaction. societal work organisations can be forced to use merely parttime employees and have a heavy trust on unqualified voluntaries. Further. many staff members work in split sections. as a parttime employee in either section. but working a full-time equivalent of hours in entire. This means that the societal work organisation can salvage money in employee benefits. but still have a staff member for a limited figure of hours. Besides. the speedy upset of societal workers contributes to the invariably disconnected staff. Many staff members are non adequately trained ; therefore they can non supply clear replies and feedback to the already baffled clients. This leads to misinformation and defeat. every bit good as lending to the misgiving of the full â€Å"system† of societal services. Breakdown in Communication Outside of the societal work bureau. there is besides a deficiency of efficiency to the dislocation in communicating between bureaus. Clients expect there to be communicating between societal work organisations. such as household tribunal. public assistance. kid protective services. go-betweens. and trial services. However. the world is that there are huge spreads in communicating between these separate bureaus. This frequently leads to defeat for the clients. who find themselves reiterating their information and inside informations over and over once more. As Zukerman argues. one allinclusive Family Court should be the ultimate end. for the intent of doing a family’s experience every bit easy as possible ( Zuckerman. 1969 ) . The state of affairs now is that a household has multiple Judgess. societal workers. psy chologists. etc. to cover with. I have been screamed at by defeated parents who do non understand why none of the service bureaus they interact with are able to pass on and portion information with one another. As a consequence. clients view the staff as counter. apathetic and unqualified when they are sent to many different people and receive conflicting replies or none at all. Clients imagine the societal services to be one cohesive unit. when in fact it is really a disconnected. inefficient and excess muss. The perceptual experience of the clients and the world of the state of affairs are in changeless struggle. ensuing in tenseness. Conflict of Aims Economic Need and Autonomy Because of the deficiency of support available to societal work organisations. the economic demands of the organisation dictate which groups the manager must trust upon to fund and back up the cause. As Sosin explains. societal work organisations use â€Å"niche fundraising. † or the targeting of peculiar groups with an inexplicit involvement in the societal work organisation. to bring forth necessary financess. As a consequence. societal work organisations are partly governed by their protagonists ( Sosin. 1985 ) . The trial centre I interned with has been subjected to this every bit good. I have observed the manager at my internship emphasis out about funding issues over the last twelvemonth. The province budget to the centre was dramatically cut. go forthing the manager to shut the spread in support through fundraising. The manager reached out to specialised regional groups. who had an involvement in the â€Å"niche† the supervised trial centre filled in societal work. such as domestic force and early childhood instruction plans for low-income households. As a impersonal party. the trial centre is supposed to handle both parents a kid with equal consideration. regardless of circumstance or detention. However. as Scaia pointed out. there has been a recent addition in the association with beat-up adult females and kids with supervised trial ( Scaia. 2010 ) . Domestic force organisations and battered adult females recommend groups contribute funding to the trial centre. and in turn their information is distributed to clients. This undermines any claim of neutrality and vilifies the work forces who besides use the trial centre. Formal Policy and Human-Focused Service Tension is besides created in societal work bureaus when struggle arises from formal policy interfering with human-focused service. The focal point on policy. in order to cut down liability and maintain costs down. is meant to guarantee the endurance of the organisation. but consequences in the isolation and farther disaffection of the clients. efficaciously road-blocking service ( Green. 1966 ) . The trial centre enforces behavioural guidelines that aim for safety. but in world interrupt natural human interaction. For illustration. taking images. speaking about the hereafter with your kid. and supplying gifts are all restricted activities for clients. In normal parenting state of affairss. these activities are non given a 2nd idea. It creates an unrealistic environment that merely farther high spots the clumsiness of the state of affairs the parents and kids are sing. The organization’s policies interfere with organic household edifice at the centre. alternatively making feelings of insecurity. asepsis and rigidness. which are in direct struggle with the ideals of societal work. Further. in order to conti nue and showcase expensive games and resources. the installation uses an luxuriant monitoring system when clients are utilizing the country. The purpose of this is to do the installation appealing to givers and province hearers. with the good purposes of raising more financess for the support of the trial centre. However. in world. the policy makes clients experience anomic and uncomfortable. This creates tenseness between policies that are intended to be honoring for clients. but in world create a unfertile environment where clients are already sensitive and experiencing like felons. Decision The very nature of societal work creates a contentious duality in which the â€Å"Us† knows what is best for â€Å"Them. † Though the purpose of societal work is selfless. there is an built-in. one-sided power derived function in topographic point between the patronage and societal work organisations. By holding to utilize societal services. including household tribunal. public assistance. unemployment. and trial. clients are subjecting to the mute judgement that they are unfit to pull off their ain lives and/or households in some manner. In order to have assistance from any societal work organisation. the clients have to finish a mandated. rehabilitative procedure. For the trial centre. this procedure included an orientation. rearing category. mediation. following safety policies and keeping a relationship with one or more instance directors. The overall consequence is that the client is told repeatedly by different agents that they must reform their negative behaviour and follow the recommendations of the trial centre. showing itself as a formal authorization. Though the client truly may necessitate counsel sing rearing. they are ever on the defensive and experience invariably attacked. The communicative relationship is ever one-way. since the clients are neer asked for their feedback sing the effectivity or success of the trial centre. As a effect. there is ever underlying tenseness between staff and patronage. No less of import. I observed that economic instability underlies much of the tenseness found in societal work organisations. Tension is created because of the economic crises of the clients and the scarceness of financess available to societal work organisations. The trial centre I interned with would be unable to run in any capacity without keeping fund-raising attempts and roll uping payments from clients. This caused economic involvements to be one of the precedences of the organisation. doing it highly hard to function clients with extraordinary demands. For the clients. their personal fiscal state of affairss were ever a conc ern when interacting with the trial centre. Most clients were unemployed. employed illicitly and/or having public aid. and were crippled by the fees associated with the trial centre. For many clients. the cost of sing their kids at the centre was excessively high for them to bear. unluckily ensuing in the expiration of their services. As a quasi-Marxist. I view the overall economic instability of the patronages partly as a symptom of category struggle in society. instead than imputing it to merely single cause ( Marx. 1888 ) . The clients seemed to be stuck in a structural rhythm of economic instability. brought about by much larger societal and economic forces. For future research. I would wish to farther pursue issues of tenseness and economic sciences. every bit good as explore the usage of court-mandated plans. such as the trial centre. as a method of informal penalty. For illustration. how much of an consequence does gender hold on the societal worker/client relationship? From my observations. most of the trial staff was female and there were distinguishable differences between the relationships with male and female clients. In the hereafter. I would be interested to research whether or non there is tenseness created by the instability of gender between staff and clients. For illustration. I claimed that there was a power instability between staff and clients. with staff ever exerting power over clients. When compounded by power battles between genders. will at that place be heightened tenseness between a female staff member and a male client? The economic dependance of societal work establishments on particular involvement groups is besides of involvement to me. Because the clientele societal work organisations serve is about ever in economic demand. the organisation must trust upon authorities support and contributions from particular involvement groups. As a consequence. the organisations are partly governed by their fiscal beginnings. How can societal work organisations remain adequately funded and independent. when they are inherently designed to function populations economically disadvantaged? The bulk of the patronage that I worked with and observed at the trial centre was at that place nonvoluntary. as a effect of a tribunal authorization or mediation recommendation. If clients failed to follow. they were farther penalized by the legal system. This leads me to inquire. is compulsory supervised trial. with all its costs. meddlesomeness and inevitable shame. a justified penalty? Is penalty intended or is it truly aimed to be rehabilitative? Attempts to fulfill the economic demands of a societal work organisation frequently stifle the humanistic demands of clients the organisation is supposed to function. Wilensky and Lebeaux observed that â€Å"between the philanthropist and ( their ) desire to assist the client lies the machine with its ain ‘needs. ’† needs that emphasize rationalisation. policy and record-keeping instead than the demands of the patronage ( Wilensky and Lebeaux. 1958 ) As Back provinces. the values and ends of societal work are unity. compassion. belief in the self-respect and worth of human existences. regard for single differences. a committedness to service. and a dedication to truth ; all of which are clearly non-rational impossible to quantify through bureaucratic agencies ( Back. 1969 ) . The quandary of societal work organisations is that bureaucratism is the lone executable manner to try to treat mass sums of people in demand of service in modern. urban society. However. the positive elements of bureaucratisms. such as impersonality and standardisation. go destructive agents in human-centered Fieldss like societal work. Much like Weber said. I am pessimistic about the possibility of get awaying bureaucratisms and am frightened of a â€Å"future that belongs to bureaucratization† ( Weber. 1921/1968 ) . Plants Cited 1. Back. Edith B. ( Dec. 1969 ) . Technocracy and the Ethic of Social Work. The Social Service Review. Vol. 43. No. 4. Pp. 430-438. 2. Buckley. Helen. Nicola Carr. and Sadhbh Whelan. ( February 2011 ) . ‘Like walking on eggshells’ : Service User Views and Expectations of the Child Protection System. Child and Family Social Work. Vol. 16. No. 1. Pp. 101-110. 3. Buenger. Victoria. Richard L. Daft. Edward J. Conlon and Jeffrey Austin. ( Sept/Oct. 1996 ) . Competing Valuess in Organizations: Contextual Influences and Structural Consequences. Organization Science. Vol. 7. No. 5. Pp. 557-576. 4. Chetkow-Yanoov. B. ( 1997 ) . Social Work Approaches to Conflict Resolution: Making Contending Obsolete. The Haworth Press. Inc. : Binghamton. NY. 5. Foucault. Michel. ( 1995 ; Original Translation 1977 ) . Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Random House. Inc. : New York. NY. 6. Green. A. D. ( March 1966 ) . The Professional Social Worker in the Bureaucracy. The Social Ser vice Review. Vol. 40. No. 1. Pp. 71-83. 7. Lambert. Eric G. . Sudershan Pasupuleti. Terry Cluse-Tolar. Mylo Jennings. and David Baker. ( September 2006 ) . The Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Social Work and Human Service Worker Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: An Exploratory Study. Administration in Social Work. Vol. 30. No. 3. Pp. 55-74. 8. Lee. Donna. ( Summer 2007 ) . Sing Family Court Practice Through the Prism of Purpose. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems. Vol. 40. No. 4. Pp. 647-655. 25 9. Lyons. Peter. and Christy L. Winter. ( Oct-Dec 2010 ) . Data Management System Selection in a Family Service Agency. Families in Society. Vol. 91. No. 4. Pp. 440-446. 10. Marx. Karl. ( 1888 ) . Reprinted from Manifesto of the Communist Party. in Talcott Parson’s et Al. ’s. ( 1961 ) . Theories of Society. Vol. 1. Imperativeness of Glencoe: New York. NY. 11. Newton. B. S. ( 1997 ) . Trial centres: A solution without critics. The Florida Bar Journal. Vol. 1. Pp. 54-57. 12. Perkins. Daniel F. and Sylvia J. Ansay. ( July 1998 ) . The Effectiveness of a Visitation Program in Fostering Visits with Noncustodial Parents. Family Relations. Vol. 47. No. 3. Pp. 253-258. 13. Reardon. Christina. ( Nov. /Dec. 2010 ) . Data Driven. Peoples Focused – Technology Takes on Social Work. Social Work Today. Vol. 10. No. 6. P. 6. 14. Rule. James and Peter Brantley. ( September 1992 ) . Computerized Surveillance in the Workplace: Forms and Distributions. Sociological Forum. Vol. 7. No . 3. Pp. 405-423. 15. Scaia. Melissa. ( September 2010 ) . With â€Å"Equal Regard† : An Overview of How Ellen Pence Focused on the Supervised Visitation Field on Battered Women and Children. Violence Against Women. Vol. 16. No. 9. Pp. 1022-1030. 16. Schorr. Alvin L. ( August 1972 ) . Positions of Family Policy. Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol. 41. No. 3. Pp. 465-467. 17. Sosin. Michael. ( March 1985 ) . Social Problems Covered by Private Agencies: An Application of Niche Theory. The Social Service Review. Vol. 59. No. 1. Pp. 75-94. 18. Straus. R. ( 1995 ) . Supervised trial and household force. Family Law Quarterly. 29. 229-252. 19. Weber. Max. ( 1921/1968 ) . Economy and Society. 3 vols. Bedminster Press. : Totowa. NJ. 20. Wilensky. Harold L. and Charles N. Lebeaux. ( 1958 ) . Industrial Society and Social Welfare. Russell Sage Foundation: New York. NY. 21. Yan. Miu Chung. ( October 2008 ) . Cross Cultural Tensions for Social Workers. Social Work. Vol. 53. No. 4. Pp. 31 7-328. 22. Zukerman. Jacob T. ( May 1969 ) . The Family Court-Evolving Concepts. Annalss of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol. 383. Pp. 119-128.

Skin Essay Example

Skin Essay Example Skin Essay Skin Essay Airfare in coach: Hardly at all, airfare is what it is, one airline isnt any better or safer than the next, therefore I judge on cost alone. B. Appendectomy: Heavily, anytime time you are dealing with a persons health and well-being, quality is the only guide necessary, a consumers thought process is the higher the cost, the better the surgeon. C. Baby food: I Would say heavily, for people with babies, of course they want a high quality product to feed their children. D. Cell phone Service: Heavily, I have been considering ditching Verizon and their interact based, expensive service to go to Straight Talk. However, I have heard rumor the service is not as excellent as Verizon so I continue to stay, based on that alone. E. Cosmetics: Personally this is not a topic I consider the quality much at all. Except possibly the concern for what they are making it from and the damage it could do to the skin. Other than that, I go the most cost effective route possible. F. Dog food: Again, people with dogs would probably consider this more heavily, but without a dog it doesnt apply to me. G. Electricity: Hardly at all, like airfare in coach, electricity, is what it is, there isnt a quality about it, it is a must have in todays society. H. Gasoline: I am going to respond to this the same as above with electricity and airfare, hardly at all. I. Haircut: After completing this assignment, I believe I have found out what a simple minded person am. Some people may rely heavily on the price versus quality comparison in a haircut, but I would go moderately. I certainly dont want a bowl cut but I use Great Clips for the low-cost, not Salon Nouveau for the quality at for times the price. J. Hotel room: Here I may be inclined to be more moderately. I will not stay in any cockroach and flea infested, pay by the hour hotel room, but I dont need to rest my head at the Four Seasons either k. Jewelry: Again would use the term heavily somewhat loosely. Due to skin conditions, I need a quality jewelry and am willing to pay extra for 14 carat gold because cheap costume jewelry doesnt work for me, but I would never be able to purchase Carrier or Tiffany anyway. L. Tanning alone: putting tanning into the same category as airfare, electricity, and gasoline. Its a tanning salon, all the beds are the same, you are still risking health/skin issues regardless of the one you choose, so I would hardly at all rely on the price to judge the quality. M. Used car: This is a tough one because the higher the cost could indicate the higher the quality depending on mileage and condition. However, there is not much deviation in cost when you look into the Kelly Blue Book prices on a vehicle so I would say moderately.

Class reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Class reflection - Assignment Example I have been able to use the podcast by sharing my learning experience with other students. Through the podcast, I have been able to develop skills like writing, speaking properly, active listening, managing time, and solving problems. Online learning offers a great opportunity for people to learn at their own convenient time. It provides courses of high quality and students do not have a face-to-face experience with other students and lecturers. It is less expensive as students pay less for online programs as well as there is no transportation cost. In addition, students are able to get immediate feedback and there is the provision of tools that improve the pace of learning. The most challenging part of the course was creating a digital storytelling. Digital storytelling revolves around the idea of telling stories using various digital multimedia like images, video, and audio. The bringing together of the digital graphics, recording an audio narration, texts and the incorporation of video and music to present information on a particular topic proved to be a