Police Brutality And Police Cruelty - 1118 Words

Police brutality has occurred all across the world and is still a major amongst society and police organization. This brutality arranges from assaults, death as a result, of use of force, harassment, Etc. It takes two forms which is physical brutality which includes assaults, and non-physical brutality which includes use of verbal language. Police officers have been granted the privilege of using â€Å"non-negotiable force† (Bittner 1970) to control citizens’ behavior and ensure public order. Police use of excessive force is also called police brutality. This term refer to any unnecessary use of force by police. There are many different definitions to what police brutality is considered to be. â€Å"Police brutality is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians† (Danilina, 2014). Police brutality occurs when officers use more force than is necessary when making arrests or controlling people. Police brutality is categorized as an excessive use of force. Danilina from Law Dictionary states that, â€Å"Excessive use of force means a force well beyond what would be necessary in order to handle a situation. These claims of police brutality are made when someone is injured or killed during the course of a search or an arrest. Throughout history there has been many incidents where police officers have used unnecessary force to handle a situation. One of history’s most nationally known incidents of police brutality took place March 3, 1991, in Chicago, whenShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MoreAnalysis Of Rio De Janeiro s Most Infamous Favela1590 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica; the city is known for holding hundreds of favelas where low-income residents reside. According to the findings of a 2010 census, about 22% of 6 million residents live in the favelas of Brazil (Hurrell).These favelas are known for their brutality and crime rate among the residents. The quality of life in the Brazilian favelas has in a way improved and also worsened. As Brazil is set to hold the Summer Olympic Games this year in 2016, the government has be en intervening with the history ofRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MoreTitle: Police Abuse. The essay includes the definition of police abuse, the causes, examples of police abuse, relationship with racial profiling, suggestions of solutions about the problem.1196 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Abuse An officer who uses more force than policy allows is said to have used excessive force and may be guilty of police brutality, the excessive and lawless use of police force. Police officers are often seen as a thin blue line of protection between criminals and law-abiding citizens, but when they use excessive force, they cross the line and become criminals. Police brutality damages the image of law enforcement as well as the justice system. It leads to loss of trust in the policemenRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1413 Words   |  6 PagesPolice are supposed to enforce the law amongst people around the world, but unfortunately, some of the ways they enforce are unjust and unruly. Over the past decade, they have acted out in ways that have caused us to question whether or not they are fit for the job or if something should be changed. Police brutality is the malicious use of excessive force, often in the form of physical actions, but also common in verbal abuse and ps ychological intimidation by a police officer. The word â€Å"Brutality†Read MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MoreIn Our Society, There Has Been Several Issues But One Of1213 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American community. Police Brutality is a major problem that many African Americans fear dealing with racial divides but some believe minorities cause higher crime rates. In the dictionary of law, Police brutality, is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Many Americans have gone through many situations where they were excessively force by the polic e. But few American’s were racial profiled, discriminated, or beat brutality for no appointed reasonRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words   |  7 Pagesothers; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality against minority social groups causes tainted and negative views on policing and their overall duty to protect, when they are ultimately the aggressors in this case. Police brutality is a violent incident

Justice In Book I Of The Republic Essay example - 889 Words

The Republic of Plato begins in a similar fashion that many other Platonic dialogues begin, with that of a question. The conversation between Socrates and the aged Cephalus becomes a philosophical discussion of what advantages money has brought to Cephalus life. Cephalus replies that money has allowed him quot;to tell the truth and pay ones debtsquot; (331 b). Nevertheless, Socrates believes this does not portray an accurate description of what justice is. The rest of the first book is a discussion of the definition of justice, mainly that of Thrasymachus definition. Socrates takes his normal role as an interrogator of peoples views. The conversation focuses on justice but actually must be viewed in the context of how each†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Thrasymachus’ viewpoint in Book I of the Republic is that one’s life can be better if he is unjust because he will have the ability to take advantage of the just man. In fact, he states â€Å"that injustice, w hen practiced on a large enough scale, is stronger and freer and more successful than justice† (344 c) and is â€Å"good policy† (348 d). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By the end of Book I, Socrates has Thrasymachus agreeing with his view that â€Å"the just man is happy and the unjust man miserable† (353 e), indicating that Thrasymachus has taken back many of his previous statements. This simple statement verifies the fact that Socrates has refuted much of what Thrasymachus argued in Book I; yet, there are a few arguments and statements that makes Socrates’ refutation not as strong as it possibly could be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;First of all, a careful examination of Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus is needed to determine to what extent he refuted Thrasymachus’ viewpoint. One of Socrates’ stronger points is that â€Å"the just man is good and wise after all, and the unjust man is bad and ignorant† (350 c). He convinces Thrasymachus into believing this by asking whether a man of knowledge would follow the standard behavior of other men of knowledge. Thrasymachus grants this to be true, and by using the fact that an unjust man tries to take advantage of all men, Socrates shows that the unjust man is actuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Egoist in Platos Republic Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages this belief poses a threat to social cooperation and, therefore, clearly introduces a significant political problem. I believe that the best example of ethical egoism is displayed in Book I of Platos The Republic. In this Book, Plato introduces the idea of ethi cal egoism, explains the political problem posed by it, and addresses the problem through the words of Socrates. I will use this paper to explain and clarify the arguments for and against the concept of ethical egoism, with specific focusRead MoreThe Notions of Justice in The Republic and Antigone1707 Words   |  7 Pagesnotions of justice are presented plainly. Plato’s The Republic and Sophocles’ Antigone both address elements of death, tyranny and immorality, morality, and societal roles. These topics are important elements when addressing justice, whether in the societal representation or personal representation. Antigone uses the concept of death in many ways when unfolding the tragic story of Antigone and her rebellion. The most obvious way is how death is used as a form of capital punishment and justice againstRead MoreJustice in Platos The Republic Essay527 Words   |  3 Pagescreates a seemingly invincible philosopher in The Republic. Socrates is able to refute all arguments presented before him with ease. The discussion on justice in Book I of The Republic is one such example. Socrates successfully refutes each different view of justice presented by Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. Socrates has not given us a definitive definition of justice, nor has he refuted all views of justice, but as far as we are concerned in Book I, he is able to break down the arguments ofRead MoreThe Ideal Society As Suggested By Plato993 Words   |  4 Pagesuphold the convictions of the rulers, and the producers are to limit themselves to exercising their natural skills. Plato argues that state justice requires each individual it conform to the societal role they have been given and not to interfere with any other business. In Book IV, Plato theorises individual justice to be a mirror reflection of political justice. Much like Plato’s three class structure of a just society, he also hypothesised there are three components to an individual’s soul. ThatRead More Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue ofRead MorePlato Republic And Video Games Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Plato’s Republic and videogames offer people a unique outlook on Justice. Video Games especially role-playing games allow players to create their own justice (or lack of justice). Through the player’s choices justice either reveals itself in unexpected ways or it simply does not exist, and all is controlled by what the player chooses. The same can be said for The Republic it may not be a videogame in the same sense but it is still a mind game. Socrates and the interlocutors are creating a cityRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Plato s The Republic892 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Gods to more in depth works such as Ethics or The Bible. All of these works show serious teachings about multiple things such as justice, Gods, and philosophy. In my paper, I am going to discuss the concepts of Aristotle s Ethics and Plato s The Republic in order to hopefully achieve whether or not the ideas that have stuck out to me, are true or not. In the book Ethics, by Aristotle, plenty of concepts have stuck out to me, and made me think quite a bit. One of the ideas that stick out to meRead MoreIdeal State1366 Words   |  6 Pages15 TuÄŸÃ §e ArÄ ±kan Essay Question: Explain Plato’s ideal state by referring to the Republic, book IV and VII. To what extent do you agree with Plato’s idea that the kings should be philosophers? Why? Why not? Concept of create an ideal state really need to long effort and time. This concept and long standing debate that how should be an ideal state is explains in Plato’s Republic book IV and VII. In Republic, Plato explains the features of an ideal state and he claims that the kings should beRead MoreSocrates And His Views Of Justice1656 Words   |  7 PagesGottlieb 10/8/14 Socrates and His Views of Justice In Plato’s The Republic, there are several accounts of justice that are presented throughout the dialogue, especially in Book I. One of these accounts is presented by Socrates, in which he believes that justice is not harming anyone under any circumstances. Socrates first presents this argument when he questions if it is just to treat anyone badly (335b). Polemarchus, based on his account of justice – in which justice is treating friends well and harmingRead MoreThe Apology Is Plato s Retelling Of Socrates s Trail1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apology is Plato’s retelling of Socrates’s trail. Within his account, he portrays Socrates as a confident, but almost haughty, and reasonable man. The main philosophical themes that Plato presents through Socrates are wisdom, justice, and his purpose in the community. Socrates is at this trial because he has been accused of two things: 1) â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying thi ngs in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, and

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Wellbeing

Question: Discuss about theAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Wellbeing. Answer: Introduction Health is not the absence of a malady or the physical completeness of an individual or the community as a whole.To a larger extend,it also involves mental ,economical and social well-being (WHO,2016). Its a multifaceted aspect of the community that is robustly concerned with peoples lives, mode of settlement, education, employment, religion and social justice (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). It has been deduced that social soundness is a significant determinant of the health in a given society. For example, in Australia, it has been found that the existing social disadvantages have profoundly contributed to the ill-health of the indigenous people (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare ,2014). Proper and holistic strategies ought to be propounded in order to achieve universal health. Primary healthcare should be actively supported and strengthened. This is an evidence-based method which sees that healthcare is available to all through their full engagement at an affordable cost (Baum, 2015). In this way the community is empowered to manage its own health. Moreover, the entire process of coming up with health programs and plans should be enormously inclusive. The indigenous people or their representatives should be actively involved in the institution of any health program or project (Baum, 2015). This will significantly catapult the health seeking behaviour of those w ho feel disadvantaged thus enhancing the wellness of the community. In addition, the cultural sensitiveness should be intensely adhered to. While discharging health services, the health personnel should acquaint to and respect the culture of the natives (Deferranti, 2013). Moreover, to curb this menace, there must a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders such the government, the health docket and the representatives representing the perceived disadvantaged population. This will focus on addressing social disadvantages that robustly contribute to ill-health. These include unemployment, education, inadequate and contaminated water and alcohol and drugs (Australia Institute of Health and Well-being, 2014). Furthermore, the organization should come up with educational and counseling services. This will be geared towards enhancing emotional well-being. This involves educating the population on hazards that impact them such as drugs and alcohol (Australia Institute of Healt h and Welfare, 2014). To effectively engineer and execute the proposed strategies, one should possess and depict the following qualities; sound knowledge base culminates to effective primary healthcare and patient teaching besides ensuring flexibility and open mindedness to enable one to accommodate, respect and appreciate diverse cultures during the discharge of healthcare (Council of Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner ,2012). In addition, to work appropriately in this environment, one ought to be ready to listen to clients in order to provide patient-centered care. Individuals choices and concerns should be incorporated and addressed during the plan of care (Davis, Birks and Chapman, 2015) Cultural safety is where theres physical, spiritual, social and emotional tranquillity in conjunction with the upholding of peoples identity, respect and needs. This aspect should be highly promoted to ensure effective and inclusive health care delivery. The following should be put into consideration to ensure the discharge of a culturally safe health care. The health practitioner should make sure that he /she discharges healthcare in the manner that people recognize and want. People should believe that health care is provided in a dignified manner and that they have choices to make pertaining their health and lives. In addition, in the case of localities where there is a language barrier or improper mastery of local language, language support and translation should be available. This will ensure that there is a manner of understanding of beliefs about health and disease. This will make the community view the health setting as a culturally safe environment (Taylor Guerin, 2013). Furthermore, those discharging health care should thoroughly scrutinize their own cultural identities, attitudes, and flexibility in their attitudes towards people from different cultures. In addition, they should endeavour to see that their actions during the discharge of care recognize and pay courtesy to the cultural identities of others besides safely meeting their needs,expectations and rights (Burgess, 2013). The most challenges one is likely to encounter are ethical dillema ,lack of adequate resources to implement the primary healthcare programs and lack of cooperation from the native population (Davis,Birks Chapman, 2015).Fortunately ,the possibillities of these challenges occuring have been enormously reduced.This is as a result of the government and other stakeholders pumping resources and involving the natives in all matters concerning their health and lives.This has promoted trust thus enhancing cooperation (Burgess, 2013). Closing the gap alludes to the commitment of the Australian government to address the existing inqualities between the natives and alien Australians (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014). This includes rising mortality rate, poor sanitation and high disease burden, wanting education and unemployment. Statistics illustrate that the aboriginal people have the poorest access to primary health care. This is depicted by a high burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations (Taylor Guerin, 2013). The institution of primary health care program is really paramount as this will skyrocket the access to essential health services as other Australians. This program will also avert the diseases from occurring in the first place or detect them as early as possible thus preventing them from progressing to chronic levels. Furthermore, cultural awareness is quite imperative. There is a strong correlation between culture and emotional, physical and spiritual wellbeing. Cultural sensitiv ity and mastery by those mandated in coming up with policies and those executing government programs, the abolishing of any form of discrimination and coming up with programs that accommodate and meet the cultural expectations of the people are enormously critical in zeroing the existing disparities. In addition, proper collaboration with the indigenous population can have far-reaching effects in curbing this menace. The coming up of aboriginal committee controlled health services has culminated in the establishment of the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders steering committee. This will address and focus on specific native health priorities and thus improve health outcomes. Lastly, according to (Fisch Mage, 2015), education is the genesis of hope and prosperity which can ultimately result in remedying other disadvantages For instance, it has been found that at higher scales of education, theres is almost no employment disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous Austral ians (Ojeda, 2012). Cultural safety came into being in the 1980s and 1990s.It was propounded to see that there is respect and no harm on individuals identity. It entails developing strategies in the areas of service delivery to create forums for the service dischargers to enable them to come up with and appreciate cultural diversity (Grezon Conrad, 2013). The culturally sensitive interventions and programs will go in great depth in ensuring individual empowerment. This will further enhance efficient and effective service delivery as the indigenous will perceive the vicinity as a cultural safe place. Self-determination is the act of transferring a decision-making power from a sole decision maker such as the government to the indigenous population (Fisch Mage, 2015). It also encompasses actively being involved in policies and program formulations and providing services from the cultural perspectives. Self-determination can be a crucial aspect in achieving profound and sustained improvements in social and economic status of the indigenous people as they are able to determine their own economic, social and cultural development (Fisch Mage, 2015). Nevertheless, it should be strongly emphasized that self-determination isnt synonymous to sessions from the state. The government of Australia and private sectors have propounded a number of strategies in an attempt to dismantle the existing disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous people. But all this will be futile without proper engagement of the native population. Collaboration entails inclusivity in decision-making and in the development of programs and plans. It also involves the partnership of various stakeholders who participate in foreseeing the welfare of the aboriginals in achieving the common goal (Davis, Birks Chapman, 2015) Reference List Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014, Australia's health 2014: the 14th biennial welfare report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Baum, F 2015, The New Public Health, Oxford university press, South Melbourne Burgess, P 2008 Beyond the Mainstream, Health Gains in Remote Aboriginal, Wollongong press, Aldade Council of Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioners (American Nurses Association) 2012, The scope of practice of the primary health care nurse practitioner, American Nurses Association, Kansas City Davis, J., Birks, M. Chapman, Y 2015, Inclusive practice for health professionals, Pan Macmillan Australia, Sydney Deferranti, D, M 2013, Closing the gap in education and health, Elsevier, Washington D.C. Fisch, J, Mage, A 2015, The right of self-determination of peoples, Elsievier,Sydney Gezon, L and Conrad, P 2013, Culture, McGraw-Hill, New York Ojeda, A 2012, Health Determinants, Thomson/Gale,San Diego. Taylor, K. Guerin, P 2013, Health care and indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice,Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.

Is Booking Travel over the Internet Causing the Decline of High Street Travel Agents free essay sample

Is booking travel over the internet causing the decline of high street travel agents? During the decade leading up to 2007, ways of buying tourism products as changed a lot. Ten years ago people choosing a holiday more often than not a package holiday, by going to the travel agent and choosing one from a number of brochures and after chatting with the travel agent. Many people still chose this method but a lot more people are buying packing holidays, more people now buy online, or over the telephone, through teletext. People tended to find it cheaper to and more flexible to buy their flights from one internet site, their accommodation from another and book a hire car with another site, rather than buying a package holiday out of a tour operators brochure. They are not always financially, protected when booking travel separately. Holidaymakers are turning their backs on the traditional high-street travel agent in favour of booking trips online, reports sundayherald. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Booking Travel over the Internet Causing the Decline of High Street Travel Agents? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com. Between 2000 and 2004 there was an 11% drop in the number of bookings made at travel agents, with only 47% of overseas holidays now being reserved through a high street travel agency, according to figures from market researchers Mintel. Many people book breaks by phone, and just 31% of overseas trips were booked in person in 2004, says the report. The research shows that traditional sun, sand and sangria package holidays are the main type of trip booked on the high street, with just one in five domestic trips booked at travel agencies. Richard Cope, international travel analyst at Mintel, reportedly said consumer confidence in the internet was driving people away from booking in person. Mintels research shows that almost one in five UK holidays are now booked online, with consumers becoming increasingly confident about making their own travel arrangements. Mintel figures also indicated that, overall, more holidays are being taken. In 2004 65% of British people went on holiday, compared to 62% in 2000. Some 44% of holidaymakers now take more than one holiday a year, up 14% since 2000. Altogether, Britons took 43 million holidays abroad in 2004. http://www. m-travel. com/news/2005/10/number_of_booki. html Technological changes within tourism surround several different factors from medical advances to the innovative space tourism. Similar to tourism, technology is an ever changing and sometimes unstable business. Better communication, transport and safety have encouraged new consumers to the industry. Improvements in water supply, medicine and knowledge have meant areas are opened up which were not possible before technological advances. In today’s society in which a consumer wants easier, quicker and cheaper service only technology has helped tourism fulfil the customers demand. Another massive effect on tourism is the rapid increase in online booking that has given consumers more opportunity to make a holiday. Through technological advances, online booking has been one of the biggest factors in affecting tourism, leisure and recreation in today’s world. There were 37,600,000 Internet users in the United Kingdom (representing 62. % of the population) in March 2007, according to Internet World Stats. This was up by 144. 2% compared to 2000. (Internet World Stats, March 2007) and a new Google Survey has shown that surfing the web has topped watching television as Britain’s favourite past time. On average residents in the UK spend 164 minutes online every day compared to 148 minutes watching television (Daily Mail, Friday 10th March 2006). This shows how much the internet is now an integral part of life and has had an effect on other aspects influencing the tourism business. More and more people are now booking their holiday on the internet, as many people are looking for a better priced deal than they’re being offered by their travel agent. Both holiday and airline bookings have not dramatically rose in sales from the travel slump of 2001-02 due to the massive consequences of September 11th and the threat of terrorism which has increased (it saw similar slumps although smaller after the Madrid bombings and 7/7 terrorist attacks). The Iraq war, the SARS/bird flu epidemics and very consistent hot European summers have persuaded the usual long haul travellers to stay at home. This has seen a loss in sales and therefore profits causing one of the hardest aviation crises of the industry. The number of job cuts that were announced in 2003/04 was well over 100,000 according to BBC News, November 2005. Routes had been slashed and several European carriers were barely clinging to life. The turmoil in the industry went from Aer Lingus to XL Airways, but times were changing and the industry needed something new. Survival tactics started to emerge and online travel started to show evidence of bucking this gloomy trend. The Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG), as cited in a May 21, 2002, Financial Times article had cited for many years that online spending was increasing and predicted it to triple at the end of the decade. Looking at e-commerce data overall, the firm counted travel as the biggest online sector, followed by electronic products and apparel. IMRG also said British shoppers were buying larger and more expensive goods online, such as furniture and kitchen appliances. This showed a large gap in the sub-market that needed to be exploited. Online Travel Spend ($bn) Europe N. AmericaU. K 20002. 4 6. 4 0. 20015. 8 11. 00 1. 8 200212. 7 18. 7 3. 7 Source: Datamonitor At the start of the boom these were seen as survival tactics by the airlines and the government also pushed for more progress in online booking to make the travel industry more prosperous. The economic realities forced travel companies to be more efficient in running their business. Websites, for example were able to promote the latest ticket prices, particularly at a time when they were being slashed on a day-to-day basis which was used to tempt travelers back into the air. Similarly travel sites e-mailed a wide ustomer base with relative ease to promote special deals. It is seen as the cheapest method of booking a holiday, the LogicaCMG (a marketing body) has said that phone bookings typically cost about ? 30 to service. By contrast net bookings cost around 75p. One of the biggest online travel sites Expedia, took an initial knock from 11 September, but then saw its transaction volumes recover by 80-85% during October. â€Å"Like every travel company, we experienced a downturn, but we then recovered a lot more quickly than the traditional industry† said James Vaile, managing director of Expedia in the UK. Online travel sites are also well positioned to exploit the recent procrastination by consumers in booking holidays. People are booking later than usual in recent years and the internet is seen as the obvious and natural place to hunt down last-minute bargains. As this bar chart shows travel sales online rose rapidly from 2006-2007 and it is expected to continue to rise to over $30 billion. The consumers weren’t only using the internet to book their holidays but also to research and gain knowledge of the destinations they wanted to go to. The search engines were flooded with searches over cheap flights, accommodation and new destinations (as shown in the rankings). From the bar chart below it shows that web-search is the preferred method of obtaining travel information with it being preferred nearly twice as much as personal recommendation, the second most preferred method. This is then followed by TV programmes, but the travel agents became the fourth option of consumers to collect travel information. Web-searches are high due to people liking to make their own decisions at their own pace and this can’t be done in travel agents where they are pushed, poked and pressured. This is unpleasant for the consumer and has changed the trend in which consumers went to travel agents for advice, whereas now they would rather use the internet. As this pie chart to the left shows the internet has had a huge impact on the booking of a holiday, with 79% of all booked holidays using the internet in the process. Also, the internet has seen a large increase in the number of â€Å"last minute business as many tourists feel it is better-placed and they can search for the best priced, most suitable holidays or excursions. Furthermore, since the growth of the internet, online advertising has been used as a huge marketing tool, where holiday and travel providers can target large quantities of potential customers and keep advertising costs low. This has also been used to great effect as they appear to be a successful method and an efficient way of gaining business from the wallet-conscious consumers, whereas high street advertising receives less notice. Moreover, the internet has caused the high street travel agencies to close, therefore creating job losses within the businesses. This is mainly due to the fact that more people are booking direct with the holiday providers, thus cutting out the middle man and saving money by doing the research and booking themselves. This is usually done by using the internet or telephone booking where the overhead costs are much lower as an outlet has to be staffed and incur running costs such as electricity bills and also because of the larger volumes of people that are able to access the service. A recent example of this is was in 2001, when Airtours, the UK’s largest tour operator had to cut one-in-seven of its high street branches in an effort to return to profitability. According to finance director David Jardine, around 120 shops going under the name â€Å"Going Places† were closed as the business stated that they were finding there was an â€Å"increasing trend in customers wishing to book direct. On the other hand, online companies such as Expedia. com have seen their profits on the rise over the past few years as would be expected, although they had not anticipated such a large growth. For the last three months of 2001, Expedia saw its net income surge to $19m according to BBC News, compared with a loss of $2. 6m in the same quarter of 2000 and also the firms evenues were in excess of $80 million for 2001, over double that for 2000, showing how quickly it has established itself as an efficient internet booking service. So in conclusion online booking for travel has dramatically changed tourism in the world. It has provided a less time consuming, cost effective and an overall efficient/productive method in organising tourism which has seen triggered a rapid rise in sales. Airlines are now recovering after effects that were unforeseen. BAA Limited, formerly the British Airport Association said seven UK Airports handled a total of 11. m passengers in August 2006 making it a record summer with the highest number of passengers ever recorded over a two month period. BAA also revealed here was a 6. 8% increase in passenger traffic for the 12 months to August 31st 2006. Bigger discounts and better security could tempt more people to book holidays online, a LogicaCMG survey (http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/technology/3939035. stm) found. However, the future of online booking although seen as prosperous can also turn, but due to the recovery in airline business they are starting to hit back. Prices are starting to rise and now you must book early to get the best price. The same survey revealed that online discounts were still not high enough to tempt potential customers onto travel websites and that the process was still too complicated for some consumers. A serious issue with online booking is the fear of fraud. Consumers are not convinced that any personal and financial information they hand over would be kept secure by online travel shops and this is slowing the potential growth that could occur otherwise. The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) sees the online travel market having a long way to go before it replaces high street travel agents. ABTA estimates that by the end of 2007 online travel will be 17% of the UK’s ? 28bn travel market but this growth will only occur if trends continue as it relies on steadily growing numbers of people happy to book holidays online and as well as improvements in technology and the creation of better websites by travel firms. Issues over security, faults and complications need to be solved if this method of booking is to prosper. The travel industry although brash will always be around due to the need and want of consumers to travel. For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel’s sake. The great affair is to move.